Too often goes untold are the stories of thousands of people who die by suicide every year in Canada – our friends, relatives, colleagues and neighbours.
What’s also not well documented is how frequently many of them may have struggled with depression, often for months or even years, and how many may have lacked adequate health supports, including counselling, to address and treat their depression.
Could we be doing more to prevent suicide in Canada?
The answer is an unmitigated yes.
Access to timely and appropriate interventions for depression, including drug therapy and psychotherapy, can significantly improve health outcomes and reduce the number of deaths by suicide. Yet these needs are not being met through our publicly-funded health system.
The Canadian Community Health Survey on Mental Health reveals that close to 12 per cent of the adult population with a common mental disorder such as depression had expressed a need for counselling or therapy in the past year. A third of those said that need went unmet. In contrast, 10 per cent expressed a need for medication (alone or with therapy) and one in 10 had this need go unmet.
In other words, counselling and therapy represent the greatest unmet need for the treatment of depression in our health system. So why don’t we provide preventive measures to those struggling with mental health issues?
There’s a belief that covering treatments for depression under our publicly-funded health services would be too costly due to high demand. In fact, it would be cost effective.
In a study, my colleagues and I published in 2017, we found that increasing access to publicly-funded psychological services and psychotherapy for Canadians reporting unmet mental health needs not only saves money but also increases quality of life.
We assessed the costs and benefits of insuring psychological services for depression across Canada as part of medicare. Our study was based on a 40-year model of the lifetime costs associated with chronic depression. We found that for every $1 invested, there’s a $2 return to society.
How does treating depression adequately save money and potentially save lives?
The savings to society are primarily as a result of a decrease in the number of days the person experiences a depressed state, as well as a reduction in the duration of an episode of depression. The savings come from the individual being more productive at work and in their community. There’s also decreased risk of hospitalizations and suicidal behaviours.
Our findings echo international studies.
A U.K. study found that offering access to psychotherapy to people not currently in treatment would pay for itself within two to five years. The province of Ontario has also assessed the cost-effectiveness of increased access to structured psychotherapy and found it to be good value for money, and has recommended publicly-funding psychotherapy provided by non-physicians.
So what’s happening in Canada?
The good news? In 2017 the federal government offered $5 billion over 10 years for mental health to the provinces and territories.But how that will be used is not yet fully clear. Quebec has invested $35 million for psychotherapy for all mental illnesses, along with a pilot project evaluating the program to improve and increase targeted access. Other provinces, such as Saskatchewan, are also investing in improving online structured psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy. In Ontario, the Bounceback program is increasing access to online physician-supported psychotherapy.
But it’s not enough.
We also need to focus on community home care for those with severe mental illness. We need to address problems with continuity of care and referrals, as well as long wait lists and socioeconomic barriers to mental health services for vulnerable populations. And access to timely therapy should be made available across the country.
More needs to be done to alleviate the suffering and loss of life associated with depression and other mental disorders. It’s not just the right thing to do – it’s cost-effective too.
Helen-Maria Vasiliadis is a professor in the Department of Community Health Sciences and Faculty of Medicine at the Université de Sherbrooke. She is also a senior research scholar of the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé.
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