Canada’s Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP) is the first poverty-fighting tool for people with disabilities in the world. This remarkable example of federal/provincial/territorial co-operation, created in 2008, has already changed the lives of more than 150,000 Canadians with disabilities.
Unfortunately, the RDSP only reaches about 29 per cent of those eligible. And due to restrictions imposed by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), it’s not available for many other Canadians with disabilities who are poor. For this to change, two things must happen: administration of the RDSP and the Disability Tax Credit (DTC) must be taken out of the hands of the CRA, and co-ordinated national action must occur to eliminate the link between disability and poverty.
The RDSP has three components: contributions by the individual, family or community; matching federal grants; and a disability savings bond of $1,000 a year. To be eligible, an individual must quality for the Disability Tax Credit first. That’s the source of the bottleneck.
The CRA is determining who has a disability and who hasn’t. The result – people with autism, Type 1 diabetes, brain injury and mental illness are too frequently denied the DTC even though they qualify for other disability benefits at the provincial and territorial level. Still others are having their eligibility terminated by the CRA and are being asked to refund federal contributions to their RDSP.
The irony of the CRA, an agency set up to go after tax cheats and fraudsters, keeping people with disabilities in poverty would not be lost on the families who originally proposed the RDSP. I know because I’m the father of a daughter who experiences disability and I was with these families through every step of the campaign to set up the RDSP.
Together we created Planned Lifetime Advocacy Network (PLAN) to address the question, “What happens to our sons and daughters with disabilities when we die?” Our search for answers led us to rethink the assumptions associated with having a disability.
For example, the punitive and suspicious mindset associated with disability welfare kept our sons and daughters poor. They couldn’t save beyond a modest amount without being disqualified and if we financially supported them, it would be clawed back. Furthermore, disability services don’t address financial well-being and too often unwittingly perpetuate a view that financial well-being isn’t a major consideration for people with disabilities in care.
We concluded that one of the biggest handicaps to overcome was the link between poverty and disability. Our proposal for a savings plan had two practical goals. First, to enable Canadians with disabilities to earn or receive income, and to accumulate financial assets without penalty, claw back or disentitlement from other government benefits. Second, to access this income when they most needed it.
Ten years later, it’s clear that financial freedom for Canadians with disabilities makes a big difference. There’s a discernible pride and confidence among those I meet across Canada who have an RDSP. They tell me they can now dream and start controlling their destiny.
The precedent of provinces and territories acting to eliminate some of the soul-destroying aspects of welfare has now been established. Governments all over Canada have essentially said to people with disabilities and their families: “We trust you to spend RDSP income on what you think is best. You don’t have to report, you don’t have to justify.”
But the RDSP is only one tool among many needed because 70 per cent of Canadians with disabilities still live in poverty.
Here are four recommendations to improve the RDSP and raise Canadians with disabilities out of poverty:
- There should be an automatic enrolment in the RDSP once someone becomes eligible for the DTC or is receiving provincial or territorial disability benefits and assistance. If they’ve already satisfied eligibility for provincial or territorial disability benefits, that should be sufficient to qualify for federal benefits.
- Remove all CRA responsibility for assessing and determining eligibility for the DTC and place it under the Department of Persons with Disabilities. People with disabilities and their families are not cheats. The CRA should go after people who defraud and cheat the tax system. However, that requires a suspicious and mistrustful mentality that should not be associated with the RDSP.
- Ensure the forthcoming federal accessibility legislation explicitly addresses poverty. The RDSP demonstrates that economic citizenship is the primary engine of accessibility.
- Create a guaranteed basic income supplement for Canadians with disabilities. Quebec’s minimum income program, Ontario’s Basic Income pilots, B.C.’s liberalization of welfare restrictions, the push for a refundable Disability Tax Credit and improvements to the RDSP all point to the need for co-ordinated national action.
We’re getting better at closing the poverty gap for seniors and low-income families. The RDSP has shown that we must now do the same for Canadians experiencing disability.
Al Etmanski received the Order of Canada in part for his work on the RDSP. He recently presented his concerns regarding the DTC and RDSP to the Senate Committee on Social Affairs.
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